jalali 2005-11-1 gregorian 2006 5 1 4 1 online 1 fulltext

Androgen receptor gene trinucleotide repeats as a marker for tracing disease in a family with intersex patients - Mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) gene give rise to a wide array of phenotypic abnormalities. Various mutations of the AR gene and expanded polyglutamine repeats (CAG) at exon 1 of the gene have been reported in patients with infertility and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of the AR gene trinucleotides repeats has not been systemically studied in those with hypospadias or genital ambiguity. In this study it was tried to find out the potential association between these repeats and sexual development in a family consisted of 10 persons including one girl with primary amenorrhea and two boys with severe hypospadias. Mother was heterozygote for both CAG and GGN repeats. All affected children inherited the longer CAG and GGN repeat from their mother and all their healthy siblings inherited shorter CAG and GGN repeat. Only one girl had heterozygous situation like her mother. Our results indicated that disease locus is in linkage disequilibrium with the CAG and GGN trinucleotide repeats in the AR gene - Androgen receptor gene, Infertility, CAG and GGN repeat, Hypospadias 41 44 Mir Davood Omrani davood_omrani@umsu.ac.ir No Mir Davood Omrani davood_omrani@umsu.ac.ir No

Day 3 serum inhibin-B level is not predictive of ovarian assisted reproductive technologies outcome - Background: The ability of the ovary to respond to exogenous gonadotrophin stimulation and development of several follicles is essential in assisted reproductive technology. Neither age and regularity of menses nor follicular phase FSH and estradiol concentrations are reliable predictors of ovarian response. Day 3 serum inhibin-B level, during induction ovulation, has been proposed as a predictor of ovarian response. Objective: To determine day 3 serum inhibin-B as a predictor of ovarian response to induction ovulation in IVF/ ICSI cycles. Materials and Methods: Seventy one infertile patients under 40 years old were enrolled in this study. All women have both ovaries, basal FSH level under 15 mIU/ml, and no evidence of endocrine disorders. Day 3 FSH, estradiol, inbibin-B concentrations and ovarian volume were measured before treatment. All patients underwent standard long GnRH agonist protocol. The number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate, days of stimulation and number of HMG ampoules were determined. The patients were divided into two groups, normal responders and poor responders (number of oocytes retrived <4). Results: The mean inhibin-B level in normal responders was 166.9 141 pg/ ml versus 115.8 87 pg/ml in poor responders, which the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.24). We could not find a cut off between normal and poor responders. Conclusion: The use of day 3 inhibin-B level as a predictive marker of ovarian response in IVF/ICSI cycles is not reliable. - Inhibin-B, IVF, Ovarian reserve, Poor responder 1 5 Marzieh Farimani No Iraj Amiri amiri44@yahoo.com No Sedigheh Hoseini No Iraj Amiri amiri44@yahoo.com No

The impact of ovarian stimulation on mouse endometrium: a morphometrical study - Background: The preparation of endometrium for embryo reception is dependent on the ovarian hormones, which are affected by ovarian hyperstimulation procedure. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in morphometrical indices of endometrium by the daily injection of progesterone after mouse ovarian induction. Materials and Methods: Adult virgin female mice were selected and divided into control and experimental groups. Experimental groups were superovulated using human menopasual gonadotropic hormone (HMG), and human chorionic gonadotropic hormone (HCG), then they, were subdivided into two groups, which one group was also injected daily by progesterone. All control and hyperstimulated groups were rendered pseudopregnant by cervical stimulation. Three and four days after the HCG injection, the samples of uterine horns were aparted and processed for light microscopic studies. Results: Our results showed that in the progesterone-injected group, the height of surface and glandular epithelium was decreased on day three (17.6±3.55, 10.02±2.6) and day four (16.9±4.24, 1.6±0.84) respectively, and it had low columnar morphology in comparison with the hyperstimulated and control groups. Also the intercellular spaces of stroma in progesterone-injected group were narrower than these in the other groups. Conclusion: Ovarian hyperstimulation followed by progesterone injection alter the morphometrical indices of surface and glandular epithelium of endometrium, which could affect on its receptivity - Endometrium, Morphometry, Ovarian stimulation, Progesterone 7 11 Mojdeh Salehnia mogdeh@dr.com No Mojdeh Salehnia mogdeh@dr.com No Mitra Arianmanesh - No Mandana Beigi - No

Cytogenetic analysis in couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion - Background: Recurrent abortion is a difficult medical problem happening in about 1-2% of fertile women. Most spontaneous miscarriages which happen in the first and second trimesters are caused by chromosomal abnormalities. Objective: The present study tries to find the rate of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with recurrent pregnancy loss. Materials and Methods: In total 165 couples were referred to genetic counselling clinic with a history of at least three previous abortions. In all women antibodies against toxsoplasmose, rubella and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were analysed by ELIZA. In 88 couples karyotyping was conducted by analysis of G and/or C banding. Metaphase spreads were made from phytohaemaglutinin-stimulated peripheral lymphocytes using standard cytogenetic techniques. The chromosomal status was analyzed using CytoVision Ultra ver.4.0 from Applied Imaging. The 2-test and ANOVA were used for statistical evaluation. The level of p<0.05 was considered as significance. Results: Most of the patients had 3 repeated abortions (61.2%). Cytogenetic analysis performed for 88 couples and karyotypes of 12.5% of them were abnormal. The majority of them had monosomy X (6.82%), followed by balanced translocation (2.27%). The number of female carries chromosomal abnormality exceeded significantly than of male. Coefficient of inbreeding in more than 50% of couples had fifth degree of relationship (89 out of 165). Conclusion: Our results showed that 12.5% of the couples with missed abortion had an abnormal karyotype, with no other abnormality. Cytogenetic findings in spontaneous aborted specimens could provide valuable information for genetic counseling and prenatal care in future pregnancies in couples with a history of repeated pregnancy loss - Recurrent abortion, Chromosomal abnormality, Monosomy X 13 17 Razieh Dehghani Firoozabadi - No Seyed Mehdi Klantar smkalantar@yahoo.com No Seyed Mehdi Klantar smkalantar@yahoo.com No Seyed Mohammad Seyed-Hasani - No Nasrin Ghasemi - No Maryam Asgharnia - No Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha - No

The correlation between mock embryo transfers prior to the start of IVF cycle with real embryo transfer - Background: It has been demonstrated that performing a mock embryo transfer (ET) significantly improves the pregnancy rate in IVF cycles. The mock ET could be performed prior to the stimulation cycle or immediately before real ET. The problem of the first procedure is the possibility of variation in the uterine position and or cervico–uterine angle. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the consistency of the type of ET in mock ET prior to the treatment cycle with real ET. Materials and Methods: A prospective comparison between the technique of mock embryo transfer and real embryo transfer. One hundred and sixty treatment cycles on 141 patients between January 2003 and September 2004 ended to ET and they were analyzed prospectively. In each cycle, patients underwent a mock ET in mid luteal phase prior to treatment cycle (the date when patients referred to have consultation about down regulation regimen). Results: Of 160 mock ET the Wallace catheter passed easily in 144 (90%) of them. In the remaining 16 cycles (10%) a tenaculum and or a rigid cannula had to be used. From 144 cases of easy mock ET, real ET was easy in 121 (84%) cases while 23 (16%) cases had difficultly during real ET. In the 16 cases of difficult mock ET, there was 8 cases (50%) of difficult real ET and 8 cases (50%) of easy real ET (p=0.001, ?2=10.67). The overall clinical pregnancy rate for both difficult and easy transfer was 35%. ?The pregnancy rate for easy real ET was 37.2% and for difficult real ET was 25.87%. Despite of the difference, the statistical analysis shows no significance difference (?2=1.21). The difference between mean age for both difficult and easy real transfer was not significant. Conclusion: Mock ET before beginning of the treatment cycle is highly consistent with real ET - Real embryo transfer, Implantation, Mock embryo transfer 19 22 Nezhat Moossavifar n_m_farr@yahoo.com No Nezhat Moossavifar n_m_farr@yahoo.com No Nayereh Khadem - No Alieh Torabizadeh - No

Psychometric properties of Sexual Function Questionnaire: evaluation of an Iranian sample - Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a real problem that affects 25-63% of women. There is no valid Persian version of sexual function questionnaire (FSQ). Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of Persian version of sexual function questionnaire. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 547 women were questioned by Persian version of SFQ. Factor analysis produced five domains of female sexual function. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and discriminant validity were calculated. Results: Five-factor structure accounted for 63% of the variance. Arousal-orgasm domain was as same as arousal-sensation, arousal-lubrication, and orgasm domains of the original version. Enjoyment-desire domain was similar to enjoyment and desire domains except one question. Pain and partner domains were consistent with original domains. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and discriminant validity were reasonable in Persian version of SFQ. Conclusion: Persian version of SFQ is almost valuable and reliable to use for Iranian population with exception of one question. Results of the omitted question from enjoyment domain should interpret separately as unusual sex domain - Sexual function questionnaire, Female sexual dysfunction, Persian version 23 28 Afsaneh Khademi afkhademi@sina.tums.ac.ir No Afsaneh Khademi afkhademi@sina.tums.ac.ir No Ashraf Alleyassin - No Marzieh Agha-hosseini - No Nasrin Dadras - No Allaleh Asghari Roodsari - No Leila Tabatabaeefar - No

Knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS among pregnant women in Yazd, Iran - Background: Since AIDS is not only a vital medical problem, but also a socioeconomic complication, therefore increasing people's knowledge and replacing their unhealthy behavior by a healthy one is of important consideration. Women, specially in reproductive ages of their life, have a special situation regarding the probability of pregnancy and infection of their fetus. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore pregnant women's knowledge about HIV/AIDS, their perception of risk, risk behavior and management, and their attitudes towards AIDS. Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study, a total of 120 pregnant women, who referred to family health clinics in Yazd, were selected by simple random sampling. Information was collected via a special designed questionnaire containing 22 questions for evaluating knowledge and 6 questions for evaluating attitude. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test with SPSS software. Results: The knowledge of pregnant women about AIDS was not significantly different in different age groups (p=0.151), while it had a significant relationship with their education (p=0.000). There was a correlation between general knowledge and attitude in pregnant women (p=0.033) (r=0.126). The attitude about AIDS in pregnant women was fairly good and there was a significant difference in this regard related to their education (p=0.000), while there was not significant difference regarding their age (p=0.410) (Mean =19.8). Conclusion: There is an urgent need for HIV prevention efforts, such as health education and focusing on the pregnant women in developing world. Health educators should tailor education programs for women at risk, particularly those with lower education, to enhance their knowledge about HIV and to improve their attitude about AIDS - AIDS, Pregnant women, Knowledge, Attitude 29 33 Seyed Saeid Mazloomy - No Mahdieh Shirvani-Anarak Mahdieh20022003@yahoo.com No Abbas-Ali Tafti Dehghani - No Nasim Tabibnejad - No Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha - No Mahdieh Shirvani-Anarak Mahdieh20022003@yahoo.com No

- - Background: Pre-eclampsia, a vascular disorder of pregnancy, is a leading cause of maternal morbidity as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality. The cause of pre-eclampsia remains largely unknown. Accumulating evidences from clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that diffuse endothelial dysfunction, resulting from oxidative stress, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Independent effect of maternal biological markers, such as elevated triglyceride or low plasma vitamin C (ascorbic acid) concentrations are related to increased pre-eclampsia risk. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine plasma concentrations of vitamin C in women with pre-eclampsia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, case controlled study comprises 40 pre-eclamptic and 80 normo-tensive pregnant women of singleton gestations in third trimester, in Allavi Hospital, Ardabil, Iran. Blood samples (5ml) were collected aseptically in heparin tube, and the plasma concentration of vitamin C was determined by spectrophotometric method . SPSS software package was used for analyzing the data. Results: Plasma vitamin C level was found to be significantly lower (p<0.001) in the pre-eclampsia group than this level in the control group. Vitamin C levels in the pre-eclampsia group were found to be influenced by their maternal age (p<0.01), and was positively related to the gestational age (p<0.01). Conclusion: Knowledge from this study may contribute to the development and evaluation of behavioral and medical interventions aimed at reducing the occurrence of pre-eclampsia - Pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy, Vitamin C 35 39 Mohammad Hossein Dehghan mh.dehghan@arums.ac.ir No Robabeh Dehghanan - No Mohammad Hossein Dehghan mh.dehghan@arums.ac.ir No